RUSH(Rapid Ultrasound in Shock)
休克在急診不少見
然而對於休克如何快速鑑別診斷, 是急診的關鍵
Hypotension
1.Hypovomia
2.Obstructive (Temponade, PE)
3.Cardiogenic
4.Distrubutive (sepsis)
針對以上,以往由血型動力學的BP、CVP level、Cardiac Output(放PA cathter, swan ganz)等來區分上述四種休克。
而急診近來發展出超音波協助鑑別:
1.Pump (心臟)
a.Pericardial effusion
b.LV global contractility
-若global contractility差, 此shock情形勿掐水
c.Size of LV & RV:
-正常LV: RV= 1:0.6
- shoort axis view 下LV不論收或舒,都應為圓形 (下圖左)
但若RV>LV 且擠壓使得LV出現非圓形或類似D-shaped, 可懷疑RV strain--> sus. PE (下圖右)
2.Tank (儲血之容積)
a. IVC: 若平躺時IVC<2cm, 且collapse more than 50%
--> CVP 應小於10 cmH2O 體液不足, 可能為Hypovolemic shock
反之若平躺時IVC >2cm 且collapse within 50%
--> CVP應大於10mmHg 體液應充足(可能為幫浦或血管之問題) Cardiogenic shock/Obstructive shock
b. Free fluid
-即FAST,看有無pericardial effusion, Fluid in Morrisan pouch or Spleno-renal fossa
c. Lung有無Pneumothorax, 有無 B-line
3.Pipes (血管)
a.Aorta---看有無 AAA,進一步判斷AAA rupture引起 hypovomic shock
b.Proximal Vein---看有無Femoral/Popliteal thrombus 進一步判斷DVT引起 PE
**根據統計Distal vein (小隱靜脈,前/後 脛靜脈)引起massive pulmonary emoli機會較小, 故主要針對Proximal vein 掃sono
Take Home message(放上來,最有收穫的):
http://decode-medicine.blogspot.tw/2016/04/point-of-care-cardiac-ultrasound.html
http://emeddoc.org/?p=34
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